The volume opened with An Essay in Sociological Linguistics by Alan Ross, a professor of Linguistics at Birmingham University, in which he set out the differences between “U”(Upper-class) and “non-U”(Middle Class) usages, covering forms of address, pronunciation and the use of particular words.

 

 

主语 The volume

 

谓语 opened with

 

宾语 An Essay in Sociological Linguistics

 

 

单词

 

usage

 

音标

 

'jusɪdʒ

 

中文词意

 

n. 使用；用法；惯例

 

 

这句话的主语"The volume"，谓语"opened with"，宾语可看成是"An Essay in Sociological Linguistics"，"by Alan Ross"算是宾语的定语，双逗号间是"Alan Ross"的同位语结构"a professor of Linguistics at Birmingham University"，"in which"引导定语从句修饰"An Essay in Sociological Linguistics"，"An Essay in Sociological Linguistics"在定语从句中作状语，从句主语是"he"，谓语是"set out"，宾语"the differences"，"between “U”(Upper-class) and “non-U”(Middle Class) usages"算是宾语的定语，"covering..."可看成是评注式状语（从意义上理解看成从句宾语的定语也是可以的）对从句宾语作解释。

 

 

该书的首篇文章《社会语言学随笔》出自伯明翰大学语言学教授艾伦·罗斯之手, 作者在文中对“U”(上层阶级)与“非U”(中产阶级)之间的用语差异作了区分, 包括称呼、发音以及特殊词语的使用等方面。

 

 

见语法分析